Q16. What is GUTI? GUTI size? GUTI combination? Who allocate GUTI? When? Why?
Ans. GUTI stands for Globally Unique Temporary Identifier. It is a temporary identifier used in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks to protect the privacy of user equipment (UE) and facilitate efficient mobility management. The GUTI is used during the attach procedure and tracking area update (TAU) procedure.The size of a GUTI in LTE is 80 bits in length.
A GUTI consists of two components: click here for more Info
1. GUMMEI (48 Bits)
2. M-TMSI (32 bits)
GUTIs are allocated by the MME (Mobility Management Entity), which is a key network element in the LTE architecture responsible for mobility management. The MME allocates GUTIs to UEs during the attach procedure or when a new tracking area is assigned to the UE during the TAU procedure.
The allocation of GUTIs serves several purposes:
1. Privacy Protection: GUTIs help to conceal the permanent identity of the UE, such as the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). This protects the UE's privacy by using a temporary identifier during the initial attach and subsequent mobility events.
2. Efficient Mobility Management: GUTIs allow for more efficient tracking of UEs during mobility events. Instead of using the permanent IMSI, the network uses the GUTI to track and manage UE movements between tracking areas.
3. Security: By using temporary identifiers like GUTIs, the network enhances security by minimizing the exposure of permanent UE identities, reducing the risk of identity theft or unauthorized tracking.
The Authentication Request is required to verify the identity of the UE and ensure that it is authorized to access the network. It is a security measure that helps prevent unauthorized access, protect the network from malicious activities, and safeguard user privacy.
The entities (nodes) responsible for initiating the Authentication Request and managing the authentication process in LTE networks include:
1. Mobility Management Entity (MME): The MME is a core network element responsible for mobility management and security in LTE. It initiates the Authentication Request to the UE and handles authentication-related procedures.
2. Authentication Center (AuC): The AuC is a component of the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and is responsible for storing and managing security information, including authentication vectors and algorithms. It generates authentication challenges and validates the responses from the UE.
3. UE (User Equipment): The UE is the mobile device that seeks access to the LTE network. It receives the Authentication Request from the MME and performs the authentication process by generating a response based on the authentication challenge provided.
3. Security: By using temporary identifiers like GUTIs, the network enhances security by minimizing the exposure of permanent UE identities, reducing the risk of identity theft or unauthorized tracking.
Q17. Why identity procedure require by network?
Ans. Identity procedures are required by the network in order to authenticate and identify the user equipment (UE) accessing the network.Q18. What is the purpose of Authentication Request? why it require? which entities(nodes) are responsible for that? And Authentication Timer?
Ans. The purpose of an Authentication Request in LTE networks is to initiate the authentication process between the user equipment (UE) and the network. It is part of the security procedures carried out during the attach and tracking area update (TAU) processes.The Authentication Request is required to verify the identity of the UE and ensure that it is authorized to access the network. It is a security measure that helps prevent unauthorized access, protect the network from malicious activities, and safeguard user privacy.
The entities (nodes) responsible for initiating the Authentication Request and managing the authentication process in LTE networks include:
1. Mobility Management Entity (MME): The MME is a core network element responsible for mobility management and security in LTE. It initiates the Authentication Request to the UE and handles authentication-related procedures.
2. Authentication Center (AuC): The AuC is a component of the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and is responsible for storing and managing security information, including authentication vectors and algorithms. It generates authentication challenges and validates the responses from the UE.
3. UE (User Equipment): The UE is the mobile device that seeks access to the LTE network. It receives the Authentication Request from the MME and performs the authentication process by generating a response based on the authentication challenge provided.
Q19. If MME send Authentication reject message which cause value MME send?
Ans. Network send any of cause no. in authentication reject message:Cause #3 'Illegal UE'
Cause #6 'Illegal ME'
Cause #7 'EPS Service not allowed'
Cause #14 'EPS Service not allowed in this PLMN'
Cause #15 'No Suitable Cells In tracking area' -
Cause #19 'ESM failure' - multiple PLMN
Cause #22 'congestion
Cause #25 'Not Authorized in this CSG' - multiple PLMN
The IMEIsv is used to provide additional information about the UE's identity and characteristics. It represents the software version of the UE's International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), which is a unique identifier assigned to each mobile device. The IMEI is typically used to identify the physical hardware of the device, while the IMEIsv specifically identifies the software version running on that device.
Including the IMEIsv in the SMC allows the network to verify the software version of the UE and ensure compatibility and compliance with specific requirements or security measures. It helps in preventing unauthorized or incompatible devices from accessing the network.
Cause #6 'Illegal ME'
Cause #7 'EPS Service not allowed'
Cause #14 'EPS Service not allowed in this PLMN'
Cause #15 'No Suitable Cells In tracking area' -
Cause #19 'ESM failure' - multiple PLMN
Cause #22 'congestion
Cause #25 'Not Authorized in this CSG' - multiple PLMN
Q20. What is IMEIsv in Security Mode Command(SMC)?
Ans. IMEIsv stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity Software Version.The IMEIsv is used to provide additional information about the UE's identity and characteristics. It represents the software version of the UE's International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), which is a unique identifier assigned to each mobile device. The IMEI is typically used to identify the physical hardware of the device, while the IMEIsv specifically identifies the software version running on that device.
Including the IMEIsv in the SMC allows the network to verify the software version of the UE and ensure compatibility and compliance with specific requirements or security measures. It helps in preventing unauthorized or incompatible devices from accessing the network.
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