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    LTE PROTOCOL INTRODUCTION

    INTRODUCTION OF PROTOCOLS:
    ·   There are three broad categories of Protocols
    o Application Protocols
    o Processing Protocols
    o Delivery Protocols

    ·   Application Protocols: Generate the Information required for the Communication of Nodes to achieve their Functionalities!

    ·   Processing Protocols: Process the Information generated by Application protocols!

    ·   Delivery Protocols: Send the Processed Information from Source to Destination!

    COMPUTER COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

     This is work on a principle of OSI communication have 7 layer shown in below. This communication is done by the use of Switches and Router between two computers.
    OSI-LAYER-PROTOCOL

    LTE MOBILE PROTOCOL LAYER

     Its work on Application, Delivery and Processing Protocols.      
    LTE-MOBILE-WIRELESS-PROTOCOL-LAYER

    LTE WIRELESS NETWORK INTERFACES

     There are many Interfaces in LTE network which are mentioned below:

    LTE INTEFACES

    PURPOSE
    LTE-Uu
    Interface between UE to Enb
    X2
    Interface between two adjacent eNBs
    S1-MME
    Interface between eNB to MME
    S1-U
    Interface between eNB to SGW
    S3
    Interface between MME to SGSN
    S4
    Interface between SGW to SGSN
    S5/S8
    Interface between SGW to PGW
    S6a
    Interface between MME to HSS
    S6d
    Interface between SGSN to HSS
    S7/Gx
    Interface between PGW to PCRF
    S9
    Interface between hPCRF to vPCRF
    S10
    Interface between MME to MME
    S11
    Interface between MME to SGW
    S12
    Interface between SGW to RNC
    S13
    Interface between MME to EIR
    S13'
    Interface between SGSN to EIR
    S16
    Interface between SGSN to SGSN
    Gy
    Interface between PGW to OFCS
    Gz
    Interface between PGW to OCS

    Transport Protocols

     There are few Transport Protocol which we need to know before proceed to further:

    ·     TCP: Transmission control Protocol

    o   It’s a connection oriented protocol.
    o   It’s a reliable protocol.
    o   It rearrange the data packet in the order specified.
    o   Speed is slower than UDP because its attempt error recovery process also.
    o   Header size is 20 Bytes
    o   Guaranteed to data delivery.

    ·     UDP: User Datagram Protocol

    o   It’s a connectionless protocol.
    o   It’s not reliable protocol.
    o   It is not rearrange the data packet in the order specified.
    o   Speed is faster because its not attempt error recovery process.
    o   Header size is 8 Bytes
    o   No Guaranteed for data delivery.

    ·  GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol

    o   Its used to encapsulate user data when passing through that core network.
    o   It provide mobility when UE is in mobility state, the IP address remain same and packet are still forwarded since tunneling is provide between PGW and eNB via SGW.
    o   There are two types GTPC is used for control plane and  GTPU is used for USER plane.
    o   Main IP is hidden so provided security also.
    ·         SCTP: Stream Control Transmission protocol
    o   It’s a connection oriented protocol.
    o   It’s a reliable protocol.
    o   It rearrange the data packet in the order specified.
    o   It does bundling the message but TCP doesn’t.
    o   Guaranteed to data delivery
    ·         Diameter: Its is a important protocol used for those components whose functionality come under AAA(Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) category. Its not a 3GPP protocol.

    LTE WIRELESS NETWORK PROTOCOLS

     These are the main application and transport protocol used for LTE Network:
    LTE-WIRELESS-NETWORK-PROTOCOLS

    PROTOCOL SUMMARY

    lte-protocol-stack

    Jitendra Kumar

    Author & Editor

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